Frontend and backend are two key terms in the field of web development. Frontend is the part that users can see and interact with directly,

such as the graphical user interface (GUI) and the command line, including design, navigation menus, text, images, videos, etc. In contrast,

the backend is the part that works behind the frontend and uses the user can’t see or interact with it directly.

The backend handles aspects of the website that run in the background, such as database management and server-side logic.

To ensure a functional website, both the front end and the back end have to work together. The commonly used languages ​​for the front end are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, while languages ​​like Java, Ruby, Python, and

JavaScript is used for the back end. In this article, we will take a deep look at frontend and backend technologies and learn which technologies are currently in vogue.

So let’s get started without any delay, stay till the end.

Front End Development

The front end is the part of the website that users interact with directly, including the design, menus, text, images, videos, and content fetching.

The main languages ​​for front-end development are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The primary purpose of the front end is to ensure the responsiveness of the site to all devices so that it displays correctly on all Aaron’s examples.

This means that no part of the website should behave abnormally depending on the screen size, the developer has to ensure that the site provides a seamless and suitable experience on all types of devices.

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Front End Languages

The front-end part is developed using various languages, details of which are given below:

HTML: HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, it is a marking language used to design the front end part of a web page. It is a combination of hypertext and Markov language, where hypertext defines the relationships between web pages.

CSS: Cascading Style Sheets, commonly known as CSS, is a simple but powerful language that aims to make the presentation of web pages effective and consistent. CSS allows you to apply styles to web pages, increasing the visual appeal of the page.

JavaScript: JavaScript is a major scripting language used to add interactive elements and features to pages. It not only enhances the interoperability of the front end but is also essential for running great games and web-based software. This language is applicable in both frontend and backend and is important to becoming a skilled developer.

Additionally, there are many other languages ​​through which the front end based on various frameworks can be developed. Development can be done for example, Flutter uses Dart, React is based on JavaScript, and there are many others available

Frontend Frameworks and Libraries: 

AngularJS: A JavaScript-based open-source front-end framework primarily designed for Single Page Web Applications(SPA). It is designed to develop HTML It is a dynamic and extensible framework that provides advanced methods to develop applications It converts standard HTML to dynamic HTML Angular JS is an open-source project that is available for free and it extends HTML attributes through directives, as well as combines data with HTML

React.js: react.js is a declarative, efficient, and flexible JavaScript library used to build user interfaces It is an open source, component-based front-end library that is solely responsible for building the view layer of the application and is maintained by Facebook react.js makes front-end development extremely easy

Bootstrap: Bootstrap is a free and open-source toolkit collection used to build responsive websites and web applications It is a popular framework of HTML, Cluster, and JavaScript that is useful for developing responsive, mobile-first websites

jQuery: jQuery is an open-source JavaScript library that simplifies the interaction between HTML/CSS documents or more specifically the Document Object Model (DOM) and JavaScript. It makes HTML document traversing and manipulation, browser event handling, DOM animations, AJAX interactions, and of course browser JavaScript development easy.

Sass: Sass is a highly reliable, mature, and powerful Sass interaction language used to extend the functionality of existing sites. It includes features like variables, inheritance, and nesting.

Flutter: Flutter is an open-source UI development SDK managed by Google and powered by the Dark programming language. It allows for building high-performance and engaging applications for mobile (iOS, Android), web, and desktop from a single code base.

The main advantage of Flutter is that it makes development simpler, more expressive, and flexible with a flat UI and native performance.

Flutter 2 was announced in March 2021, which enhances the capabilities of building applications for the back and is in beta status for desktops.

Apart from this, other important libraries and Frameworks include Semantic UI, Foundation, Materialize, Backbone.js, and amber.js

Back End Development

The backend is the server side of a website that manages data and ensures that all the elements on the front end work correctly.

Although users cannot see or interact with the backend directly, it is the behind-the-scenes part of a website,

where parts and features developed by backend designers are accessed indirectly by users through frontend applications.

Additionally, the backend also involves activities such as API writing, library building, working with system components without a user interface, and even scientific programming.

Back End Languages

The backend part is developed using some of the major languages, which are discussed below:

PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language. It is specially designed for web development. Since the PHP code is executed on the server side, that is why it is called server-side scripting language, which plays a vital role in the process of building a web application

C++: C++ is a general-purpose programming language, which is widely used in the field of competitive programming nowadays. It is also used in backend development

Java: Java is a very popular and widely used programming language, which is capable of creating user-level applications. Various components of Java are readily available, and for this, Java Programming Foundation is available.

Python: Python is a programming language that allows working faster and integrating systems more efficiently. It is an important language for backend development, and to learn it, you can focus on the Python Programming Foundation

Node.js: Note dot js, an Open source and cross-platform runtime environment that executes JavaScript code outside the browser It is not a programming language or framework, but a runtime environment, useful in building API services like web apps and mobile apps Used in production by large organizations like PayPal, Uber, Netflix, and Walmart

Back-End Frameworks

Express: Express is a Node.js framework used for backend or server site development. It is adept at creating single-page, multi-page, and hybrid-page applications, and through this, you can handle different types of HTTP requests effectively.

Django: Django is a Python-based framework that follows the Model Template View (MTV) pattern. It is suitable for creating large and complex web applications, and its key features include rapid development, high security, and good scalability.

Ruby on Rails: Ruby on Rails is a server-side framework that follows the Model View Control (MVC) architecture pattern. It provides different structures like web services, web pages, and databases, which makes the creation of web applications easy and organized.

Laravel: Laravel is a powerful web application framework for PHP. Its specialty is that it facilitates the reuse of components from different frameworks so that applications can be developed quickly and efficiently.

Spring: Spring is a server-side framework that is used for Java applications. Provides infrastructure support It supports various frameworks such as Hibernate, Struts, and EJB and includes extensions that help develop Java applications faster and easier Additionally, programming and scripting languages ​​such as C#, Ruby, and GO also play an important role

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Conclusion

To build an effective and efficient website, you must be well-versed in both front-end and back-end development.

While front-end development prioritizes user experience and designs the visual and interactive elements of a website, back-end development ensures the functionality, performance, and data management of the site.

Both of these areas are essential to the overall development process. If you want to become a software developer or professional and want to upgrade your software development skills,

it may be beneficial for you to delve into the concepts of full-fledged development. Learning everything from front-end to back-end development will help you achieve this goal faster.

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